Coral & Sponge Conservation Strategy for Eastern Canada 2015

Table of Contents

• Complete Text
• Executive Summary
• Acronyms
• Introduction
• Purpose of the Strategy
• Why Protect Corals and Sponges?
• Geographic Scope
• International Context
• Canadian Context
• Status of Coral and Sponge Conservation in Eastern Canada
• Research on Corals and Sponges in Eastern Canada
• Objectives
• Targets and Actions
• Development and Implementation
• References
• Appendix A: Biology of Corals and Sponges in Eastern Canada
• Appendix B: Challenges for Coral and Sponge Conservation
• Appendix C: Management Measures
• Appendix D: Ecological Risk Assessment Framework
• Appendix E: Relevant Publications
• Contact Information

Appendix E: Relevant Publications

• Bryan T, Metaxas A. 2006. Distributional patterns of deep-water corals along the North American continental margins: relationships with environmental factors. Deep-Sea Research I 53: 1865-1879
• Bryan T, Metaxas A. 2007. Predicting suitable habitat for Paragorgiidae and Primnoidae on the Atlantic and Pacific continental margins of North America. Marine Ecology Progress Series 330: 113-126
• Buhl-Mortensen, L. and Mortensen P.B. 2005. Distribution and diversity of species associated with deep-sea gorgonian corals off Atlantic Canada. In: A. Freiwald and J.M. Roberts, eds. Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems. Berlin: Springer. 849-879.
• Butler, M. 2005. Conserving corals in Atlantic Canada: a historical perspective. In: A. Freiwald and J.M. Roberts, eds. Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems. Berlin: Springer. 1199-1209.
• Butler, M. and Gass S. 2001. How to protect corals in Atlantic Canada. In: J.H.M. Willison, J. Hall, S.E. Gass, E.L.R. Kenchington, M. Butler, P. Doherty, eds. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals. Halifax, NS: Ecology Action Centre and NS Museum. 156-165.
• D’Entremont Environmental Ltd. 2004. International review of areas where activities are restricted to protect deep sea corals. Prepared for Oceans and Coastal Management Division, Maritimes Region, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
• DFO. 2006. Our Waters, Our Future: Sustainable Development Strategy 2007 - 2009.
• DFO. 2008. New Emerging Fisheries Policy.
• Doherty, P., R. Brosha, K. Barrett, M. Watkins, R. Galante, D. Davis and M. Butler. 2001. Nova Scotia’s corals and canyons kit. In: J.H.M. Willison, J. Hall, S.E. Gass, E.L.R. Kenchington, M. Butler, P. Doherty, eds. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals. Halifax, NS: Ecology Action Centre and NS Museum. 175-177.
• DOJ. 1996. Ocean’s Act. (Accessed at: http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-7.3/)
• DOJ. 2002. Species at Risk Act. (Accessed at: http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/S-15.3/ )
• DOJ. 2014. Canada-Newfoundland Atlantic Accord Implementation Act (S.C. 1987, c. 3). (Accessed at:http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-7.5/)
• Edinger, E., Baker, K., Devilliers, R. and Wareham, V. 2007. Coldwater corals off Newfoundland and Labrador: Distribution and fisheries impacts. World Wildlife Fund-Canada, Toronto. 41 p.
• Edinger, E., Wareham, V., Baker, K., and Haedrich, R. 2009. Relationships between deep-sea corals and groundfish. In K. Gilkinson, and E. Edinger (Eds.), The ecology of deep-sea corals of Newfoundland and Labrador waters: biogeography, life history, biogeochemistry, and relation to fishes. (pp. 4-22). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2830: vi + 136 p.
• Fuller, S.D., F.J. Murillo Perez, V. Wareham and Kenchington E. 2008. Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Dominated by Deep-Water Corals and Sponges in the NAFO Convention Area. NAFO SCR Doc. No. 22, Serial No. N5524, 24 p.
• Fuller, S.D., Picco, C., Ford, J., Tsao, C., Morgan, L.E., Hangaard, D. et Chuenpagdee, R. 2008. How We Fish Matters: Addressing the Ecological Impacts of Canadian Fishing Gear. Ecology Action Centre, Halifax, NS.
• Gass, S.E., and Roberts, J.M. 2006. The occurrence of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) on oil and gas platforms in the North Sea: Colony growth, recruitment and environmental controls on distribution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52 (5), 549–559.
• Hamoutene D., Burt, K., Samuelson, S., Wareham, V., and Miller Banoub, J. 2008. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and protein data in some species of deep sea corals in Newfoundland and Labrador Region (Northwest Atlantic Ocean). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2801: 18 p.
• Hamoutene, D., T. Puestow, J. Miller-Banoub, and Wareham V.E. 2007. Main lipid classes in some deep-sea corals in Newfoundland and Labrador Region (Northwest Atlantic). Corals Reefs 27 (1), 237-246.
• Hughes, S.C., 2009. Identification of existing information in known and predicted Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. International Governance Strategy Report. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre.
• Jones, D.P. and. Willison J.H.M. 2001. The role of the Canadian Ocean Habitat Protection Society in Deep-sea Coral Education and conservation advocacy in Nova Scotia. In: J.H.M. Willison, J. Hall, S.E. Gass, E.L.R. Kenchington, M. Butler, P. Doherty, eds. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals. Halifax, NS: Ecology Action Centre and NS Museum. 166-174.
• Kenchington, E., Lirette, C., Cogswell, A., Archambault, D., Benoit, H., Bernier, D., Brodie, B., Fuller, S., Gilkinson, K., Levesque, M., Power, D., Siferd, T., Treble, M., and Wareham, V. 2010. Delineating Coral and Sponge Concentrations in the Biogeographic Regions of the East Coast of Canada Using Spatial Analyses. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2010/nnn, vi + 211 pp.
• Leverette T.L. and Metaxas A. 2005. Predicting habitat for two species of deep-water coral on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf and slope. In: A. Freiwald and J.M. Roberts, eds. Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems. Berlin: Springer. 467-479.
• MacIsaac, K., C. Bourbonnais, E. Kenchington, D. Gordon Jr. and Gass S. 2001. Observations on the occurrence and habitat preference of corals in Atlantic Canada. In: J.H.M. Willison, J. Hall, S.E. Gass, E.L.R. Kenchington, M. Butler, P. Doherty, eds. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals. Halifax, NS: Ecology Action Centre and NS Museum. 58-75.
• Meredyk, S. 2009. State of knowledge for the Hudson hotspot: Interdisciplinary analysis of gelological, ecological, biological and oceanographic components resulting in an ecosystem based zonatin for Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem designations within the Hudson hotspot. International Governance Strategy Report. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre.